Skilled birth attendance broadly follows the definition of SDG indicator 3.1.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel. However, it refers to the proportion of women (rather than births) who have given birth in the past 5 years with the attendance of skilled health personnel.

Family planning (demand met with modern methods) follows the definition of SDG indicator 3.7.1 Proportion of women ages 15-49 years who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods. It refers to the percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) currently using a modern method of contraception among those who desire either to have no (additional) children or to postpone the next pregnancy.

Ability to protect against COVID-19 is an ESCAP-defined Index defined as follows: the individual has access to the internet, TV, phone, mobile phone or radio (information access); lives in a household with water pipes linked to a public water supply system or with access to a private water source; has a handwashing facility on premises with soap and water available (hygiene); has no more than 2 people per sleeping room in the household (distancing); and lives in a household that has a toilet which is not shared with other households (sanitation).

Internet usage usage broadly follows the definition of SDG indicator 17.8.1 Proportion of individuals using the internet.

Data Source: DHS
• Individuals: women ages 15-49 and currently married men ages 15-54 (IR-Individual Recode for women and MR-Male Recode for men)
• Use of the internet: in the past 12 months.

Electricity follows the definition of SDG indicator 7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity.

Data Source: DHS
The following data are considered for this analysis:
• Household-level data (HR - Household Recode)
• Primary source of lighting is the local electricity provider, solar systems, mini-grids and stand-alone systems. Sources such as generators, candles or batteries are not considered due to their limited working capacities and since they are usually kept as backup sources for lighting.

Clean fuels follows the definition of SDG indicator 7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology.

Data Source: DHS
The following data are considered for this analysis:
• Household-level data (HR - Household Recode)
• Clean fuels and technology: focusing on primary fuel used for cooking, categorized as solid or non-solid fuels, where solid fuels are considered polluting and outdated, while non-solid fuels are considered clean.