Ability to protect against COVID-19 is an ESCAP-defined Index defined as follows: the individual has access to the internet, TV, phone, mobile phone or radio (information access); lives in a household with water pipes linked to a public water supply system or with access to a private water source; has a handwashing facility on premises with soap and water available (hygiene); has no more than 2 people per sleeping room in the household (distancing); and lives in a household that has a toilet which is not shared with other households (sanitation).

Internet usage broadly follows the definition of SDG indicator 17.8.1 Proportion of individuals using the internet.

Data source: DHS
The following data is considered for this analysis:
• Individuals: women and men ages 15-49 (IR-Individual Recode for women and MR-Male Recode for men)
• Use of the internet: in the past 12 months

Electricity follows the definition of SDG indicator 7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity.

Data Source: DHS
The following data are considered for this analysis:
• Household-level data (HR - Household Recode)
• Primary source of lighting is the local electricity provider, solar systems, mini-grids and stand-alone systems. Sources such as generators, candles or batteries are not considered due to their limited working capacities and since they are usually kept as backup sources for lighting.

Clean fuels follows the definition of SDG indicator 7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology.

Data Source: DHS
The following data are considered for this analysis:
• Household-level data (HR - Household Recode)
• Clean fuels and technology: focusing on primary fuel used for cooking, categorized as solid or non-solid fuels, where solid fuels are considered polluting and outdated, while non-solid fuels are considered clean.

Basic sanitation follows the definition of SDG indicator 1.4.1 Use of improved facilities that are not shared with other households. This indicator is also related to: 6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely manages sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water.

Basic drinking water follows the definition of SDG indicator 1.4.1 Use of drinking water from an improved source that is available with a collection time of not more than 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing. This indicator is also related to: 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services.